Knowledge for Development

Relevant publications


Advances in remote sensing of agriculture: context, existing monitoring systems and major Information needs

This extensive review by Clement Atzberger, at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Austria, describes and illustrates five different remote  sensing applications used in agriculture to assess their pertinence in the most current challenges facing the sector: environmental impact evaluation, changing  climate adaptation, increasing production and productivity. The applications are (1) biomass and yield estimation, (2) vegetation vigor and drought stress monitoring,  (3) assessment of crop phenological development, (4) crop acreage estimation and cropland mapping and (5) mapping of disturbances and land use/land cover  (LULC) changes. In the end, Atzberger's recommendations on future developments include: ensure timeliness of information, access and validation of ground truth  information, more precise atmospheric correction algorithms, Sensor inter-calibration studies, more detailed description of a product's purpose and limits.        http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/2/949    (Remote Sensing, 5, 949-981, 2013)   

20/09/2013


Africa: A GIS-based analysis of the likelihood of adoption of some multi-purpose tree species in East Africa

Multipurpose Tree (MPT) species have the ability to fit into the farming systems of the East African region where low agricultural productivity, widespread land degradation and hence a diminishing capacity to support the growing human and livestock population are major problems. Geographical information systems (GIS) technology was used to develop a spatial representation of the recommendation domains of 5 MPT species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Sesbania sesban, Leucaena diversifolia, Leucaena pallida and Cytisus palmensis (syn. Chamaecytisus palmensis)) in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. The recommendation domains were selected based on climatic, edaphic and topographical factors. The likelihood of adoption, within the agro-ecologically suitable areas for each species, was defined by weighing and combining 3 factors: the type of land cover and land use; human population density; and, cattle population density. From authors' summary.

28/06/2006


Africa: Stratification and synthesis of crop-livestock production system using GIS

Information related to crop and livestock systems in West Africa is currently available from various sources (e.g. household surveys, aerial surveys, rural appraisal, and experiments) and held by different agencies. Such data (biophysical and socio-economic) can be integrated within a GIS (geographical information systems) environment and synthesized to identify the evolution of systems across environments and also to identify constraints and potential of the systems. The potential for integrated crop-livestock systems remains untapped and/or knowledge of its existence is unknown for large parts of Nigeria. A case study of the entire country, subdivided into the major agro-climatic zones, is presented to show how emerging crop-livestock systems can be predicted using GIS techniques, data from case studies, and geo-referenced, nationwide data on cropping intensities and animal population (cattle, sheep and goats). Data used as input included information on crop residues, farmyard manure and draught animals (animal power). The potential contribution of these research methods is largely unknown in West and Central Africa, where few operational programmes use them. Major technological innovations and appropriate government policies and regional planning have potential to shift the balance in regional developments, if targeted carefully at areas where the right conditions exist.

28/06/2006


Africa: Use of GPS and GIS software to assess seasonal home gardening area variations in the Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso, urban setting)

A cartographic assessment of seasonal variations in the size of home gardens was conducted in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, during 1995-1996. Data were collected using GPS (global positioning system) and analysed with GIS (geographical information system) software. It appeared that at least 48 sites in the city are utilized permanently or occasionally during the year for urban home gardening. Some sites disappear during the dry season and reappear during the rainy or cool season. There were 39 sites in April 1995 (dry season), only 15 sites in August 1995 (rainy season), 41 sites in Dec. 1995 (cool season), and then 32 sites in April 1996 (dry season). The home gardening area peaked in Dec. (approximately 175 ha), in the middle of the cool season. Thematic maps highlight the home gardening area at different sites on a seasonal basis. It is recommended to take measures for the preservation of horticulture in the urban environment. From authors' summary.  

28/06/2006


Atlas of African agriculture research and development

The 'Atlas of African Agriculture Research & Development', published by IFPRI, presents a broad range of geospatial data resources that provide insights into the obstacles and opportunities facing smallholding farmers in Africa. Organised around seven themes (footprint of agriculture, growing conditions, role of water, drivers of change, access to trade, and human welfare), the atlas covers more than 30 topics, with maps and supporting text.   (IFPRI, 30/06/2014)

28/07/2014


Climate Analogues: Finding tomorrow’s agriculture today

CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Working Paper no. 12. 2011.The analogues approach connects sites with statistically similar (‘analogous’) climates, across space (i.e. between locations) and/or time (i.e. with past or future climates). A CCAFS dissimilarity index or Hallegatte index can be used to systematically identify climate analogues across the world, for certain regions, or among specific locations. Users may use default criteria or choose from a variety of global climate models (GCMs), scenarios, and input data. Once analogue sites are identified, information gathered from local field studies or databases can be used and compared to provide data for further studies, propose high-potential adaptation pathways, facilitate farmer-to-farmer exchange of knowledge, validate computational models, test new technologies and/or techniques, or enable us to learn from history. Users may manipulate the tool in the free, open-source R software, or access a simplified user-friendly version online.http://ccafs.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/assets/docs/ccafs-wp-12-climate-analogues-web.pdf

9/03/2012


Decade of Trans-European Remote Sensing Cooperation

Proceedings of the 20th Symposium of EARSeL, held in 2000; includes papers on agriculture and forestry, hydrology, ecology, techniques and methods.

30/12/2004


Drought and food security – Improving decision-support via new technologies and innovative collaboration

The integration of three state-of-the-art technologies such that scientific findings and data are linked to actual user requirements including governments to achieve better decision-support for agricultural drought preparedness, has been proposed by Markus Enenkel, Vienna University of Technology, Austria and colleagues. Several promising approaches, ranging from the integration of satellite-derived soil moisture measurements that link atmospheric processes to anomalies on the land surface to improved long-range weather predictions and mobile applications are explored. Satellite-derived soil moisture measurements from space-based microwave sensors can help detect plant water deficiencies earlier than conventional products such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and forecasting models can provide seasonal predictions. These models must be calibrated to regional conditions, take into account weather uncertainties and 'hindsight' data, and be combined with crop health predictions. Mobile applications can link end users to drought-relevant information and also play a vital role in validating satellite-derived drought indicators and collecting socio-economic conditions. According to the authors, the added value of these technologies should create enough political will to ensure they find their way into the decision-support toolboxes of the end users.   (Global Food Security, 10/09/2014)

29/10/2014


Geographic Information Systems

The emphasis of the book is on the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in natural resource management, or GIS applications. It provides detailed coverage of GIS operations such as querying, buffering, clipping, and overlay analysis (and others), as well as background information on the history of GIS, database creation, editing, and acquisition, and map development. The applications provided can be extended to any region of the world, although the primary emphasis is North America, as portrayed by alternative management scenarios.

30/12/2004


Geography of food: reconnecting with origin in the food system

This document provides reading material for the 31st Brussels Development Briefing on ‘Geography of food: reconnecting with origin in the food system’. Origin-linked products described by geographical indications (GIs) are those that have specific quality attributes or reputation linked to the places where they are produced.(CTA Brussels Briefings, 05/2013)

27/06/2013


Geoinformation for European-wide Integration

Proceedings of the 22nd Symposium of EARSeL, held in 2002; covers a wide range of topics including: 3D Remote Sensing and mapping, modelling and analysis, agriculture, forestry, environmental dynamics and risks, geographic information systems and data fusion.

30/12/2004


Land Observation by Remote Sensing

A standard handbook explaining the principle and details of remote sensing technologies, methodologies and applications.

30/12/2004


Mapping a better future: Spatial analysis and pro-poor livestock strategies in Uganda

by Norbert Henninger, Florence Landsberg, with the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Uganda, Uganda Bureau of Statistics, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the International Livestock Research Institute, October, 2010This report commissioned by the World Resource Institute, USA, uses mapping data to examine the spatial relationships between poverty, livestock production systems, the location of livestock services, in order to ensure that government investments in the livestock sector benefit smallholders and high-poverty locations. The process of compiling the data, producing the maps, and analyzing the map overlays has shown that: Analysts working with the Uganda Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, and other collaborators can combine poverty maps with maps of livestock systems and distributions, milk surplus and deficit areas, and areas of high disease risk to highlight relationships that might not otherwise be obvious. From these map overlays, analysts can create new indicators and maps juxtaposing levels of poverty and the type and levels of livestock production. Analysts can use these indicators and maps to select geographic areas with specific poverty and livestock profiles for pro-poor targeting. Decision-makers can use these new indicators and maps to make more informed and transparent choices when prioritizing investments in the livestock sector and to communicate these priorities to the public. Maps showing milk surplus and deficit areas can highlight geographic differences in market opportunities for poor dairy farmers. This information can help policymakers, dairy researchers, and development agencies to better target knowledge dissemination, market infrastructure investments, and service delivery to dairy farmers.(Source: World Resources Institute, Feb. 2011)

18/03/2011


Mapping and Geoprocessing Tools in Support of Rural Advisory Systems

This book from the Centre for Development and Environment (CDE, University of Bern) details the use of geoprocessing tools to support rural extension and development. The main tools discussed are the Global Positioning System (GPS), virtual globes, and simple geographic information systems (GIS). Based on examples, the book offers a range of insights into the use of geoprocessing tools in interventions in the context of international development cooperation. Agricultural extensionists and rural advisors who have little or no experience with mapping tools are encouraged to begin using such tools in their work with communities, whenever appropriate, to add value to their initiatives and projects.  http://www.sdc-foodsecurity.ch/en/Home/News_in_A_RD/News_Detail?itemID=10258    (University of Bern CDE, 2012) 

7/03/2013


Progress in Environmental Remote Sensing Research and Applications

Proceedings of the 15th Symposium of EARSeL, held in 1995; includes papers on land applications, environmental monitoring, data processing, coastal zones, hydrology, global change and energy balance.

30/12/2004


Remote Sensing in Agriculture

The book describes applications of the technology related to crop health or potential yield, soil conditions, weed infestations, etc. Image data can yield vital information about the variability of these conditions with respect to location. Agricultural producers can use this kind of information to optimise their management decisions with respect to location, thus maximizing profit and minimizing environmental effects.

30/12/2004


Remote Sensing in Transition

This publication describes the rapid changes of the technology as well as the various applications, both for science and for environmental management.

30/12/2004


Supporting a regional agricultural sector with geo & mainstream ICT – the case study of Space4Agri project

The Space4Agri (S4A) project aims to demonstrate how a knowledge platform can be set up for effectively monitoring cropping systems, water stress and the impacts of climate change on specific regions, and for sharing this information at regional and national levels. The platform has been designed to allow data workflows integrating (i) spatial data and observations; (ii) non-spatial information available from existing agronomic databases; (iii) data collected in the field by farmers, agronomists and volunteers using mobile applications; and (iv) data collected by unmanned aerial sensors, and data produced by researchers as a result of applying scientific analysis on high-quality remote sensing data. Foreseen results of the Space4Agri project and from other similar ongoing research activities may significantly spur socio-economic development and create new growth opportunities for famers, as well as agri-business and other companies. (AGRIS Online Papers in Economics and Informatics, 31/12/2014)

27/02/2015


Supporting a regional agricultural sector with geo & mainstream ICT – the case study of Space4Agri Project

The Space4Agri (S4A) project aims to demonstrate how a knowledge platform can be set up for effectively monitoring cropping systems, water stress and the impacts of climate change on specific regions, and for sharing this information at regional and national levels. The platform has been designed to allow data workflows integrating (i) spatial data and observations; (ii) non-spatial information available from existing agronomic databases; (iii) data collected in the field by farmers, agronomists and volunteers using mobile applications; and (iv) data collected by unmanned aerial sensors, and data produced by researchers as a result of applying scientific analysis on high-quality remote sensing data. Foreseen results of the Space4Agri project and from other similar ongoing research activities may significantly spur socio-economic development and create new growth opportunities for famers, as well as agri-business and other companies.    (AGRIS Online Papers in Economics and Informatics, 31/12/2014)

9/03/2015


Thinking About GIS: Geographic Information System Planning For Managers

A guide on how to set up a GIS system for environmental management purposes, including the initial data collection and suggestions for analysis procedures.

30/12/2004